On Truth and Falsity

                            The Skeptics' Mistakes

The skeptics contend that because sense objects and thought objects can change according to quantity and quality, then no one can tell what their true natures really can be. pb. OP ps. 54-56. But they overlook the fact that systems constantly change, but not the true and real basic elements of those systems. A system always changes because true and real elements are added or subtracted from that system. The color of objects can change when they become "scattered" and "loose," but when they become "combined" into large quantities, then color can change again. In order for this to happen, the true and real sense objects called "scattered" and "loose" must be subtracted from the first system, and the true and real sense object called "combined" must be added to the second system. Also, the colors change from one true and real color to another. Systems where the true and real idea of "moderation" is used can be quite different from a system where "excess" is used. Reality never changes. Only true and real sense objects and thought objects can be added or subtracted from systems that change within reality. In many systems, such as in medicine, the measurements of the true and real elements combined into the medicine must be exact in order for the system to be beneficial for the patient. In science and technology, often the systems invented must have exact, mathematical combinations of elements in order to work properly. Systems of sense objects and thought objects can constantly change in their formulations, but the basic, true and real elements of those systems never change.

The skeptics assert that since all systems of objects are relative to each other, then no one can tell what the true and real nature of objects can be. But they give their own game away when they use the word "combination." pb. OP ps.56-57. All systems combine individual, basic elements which cannot be reduced in nature and that always prove to be useful in the formulation of systems that benefit humanity. These true and real elements cannot be false because they all happen to be useful to consciousness and because falsity only appears to consciousness in false combinations of these true and real elements. Even the real idea of nothing happens to be a basic element of reality because it has proven to be useful to consciousness to exclude ideas not needed in the formulation of particular systems, and it identifies the falsity in false combinations so that those systems can be usefully discarded. Some systems will appear quite similar to others, but nevertheless, they will always contain some differences. For example, a German shepherd dog appears quite similar to a wolf. But the system of the German shepherd will contain the basic element called "tame" or "gentle" whereas the system of the wolf will be "ferocious." Both are useful systems in their own right. Every relative system always contains different basic elements whether those systems happen to be true or false. The usefulness of all basic elements prove them all to be true and  real which also proves that they cannot be false.

The skeptics make the same mistakes regarding systems which are rare or frequent. pb. OP ps. 58-59. Naturally, rare systems will cause amazement, or be more valuable, simply because they contain the basic element called "rarity." Frequent systems are taken for granted simply because they contain the basic idea called "frequency." Systems of sense objects and thought objects will change in the human stream of consciousness, but every system will always contain different real and true elements, with their spectrums, which forms that broad spectrum called "reality."

Falsity in systems can also be called "illusion." Illusion always appears useless to human consciousness except in certain special circumstances. Fiction writers and magicians use illusion to form useful systems called "entertainment." But they must add "entertainment" to their systems of illusions in order to make them useful. Fire can be a destructive system or a useful system depending on how it is used. Firefighters sometimes use fire to fight fire. But they must add the idea of "fight" to their system in order to make it useful. Lies are usually useless, and even destructive, systems, but if the idea of "rescue" of an innocent person is added to a lie, then that would be a very useful system. Intelligent humans possess the ability to add or subtract ideas from false and illusory systems in order to change them to useful systems.